The CEO in Research: Power, Pragmatism and the Risk/Benefits of Overconfidence

Let’s explore what CEOs tend to look like from a personality perspective. There’s a lot of talk in business about “dog-eat-dog” competition, survival of the strongest, and the idea that business is war. Interestingly, some of that thinking fits with the research on CEO personalities.

CEOs tend to be more power-driven and pragmatic. They are often more extroverted, conscientious, open to new ideas, and emotionally stable. In many ways, they have a combination of traits that helps them function effectively in positions where they influence and lead other people. They must reach those levels through their grit and tenacity.

The research also discusses the risk of narcissism. Those leaders higher on the narcissim continuum can have difficulty accepting failure or recognizing when they have played the wrong card. This can lead to overconfidence and excessive optimism. Sometimes, a little reflection and humility can help leaders recognize risks, consider alternatives, and make better strategic decisions.

In any strategy, even when you are confident that you have the right answer, it is important to consider other possibilities. The more objective you are about the risks and alternatives, the more strategic your thinking becomes.

Ultimately, these personality traits are not inherently good or bad. Dominance, pragmatism, confidence, and optimism can help leaders get things done. But when those traits become excessive, they can also become liabilities. The key is understanding the quirks that come with each trait and knowing when they help—and when they get in the way.

Research on CEO Personalities

1. CEOs are more likely to be motivated by power and authority than employees at lower levels. Leadership IQ found that 11.5% of top-level executives were primarily power-driven, compared with 5.8% of everyone else.
2. CEOs are also more likely to use a “Pragmatist” leadership style, characterized by competitiveness, high standards, strong goal orientation, and a focus on results. About 9.8% of top-level executives fit this style, compared with 6.1% of others.
3. The broader academic research suggests that people who reach senior leadership tend to have higher extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and emotional stability. These characteristics appear to help people emerge as leaders, although becoming a leader does not necessarily mean being an effective one.
4. Certain traits can produce both benefits and risks. For example, narcissism may encourage bold strategies and acquisitions but is also associated with greater performance volatility. Humility, meanwhile, is associated with stronger executive-team collaboration and better organizational outcomes.
5. The most important takeaway is that personality is not destiny. Industry, organizational culture, national culture, discretion, and tenure can determine whether a particular personality trait becomes an advantage or a liability. CEOs are not a single personality type; they are a diverse group with some statistically recognizable tendencies.

Leadership IQ. (2026). Research on CEO personalities. Leadership IQ. https://www.leadershipiq.com/blogs/leadershipiq/research-on-ceo-personalities

Donating Two Photographs to The Point Loma Association

The Point Loma Association helps keep Point Loma clean and green. They also do a lot with local art and landscape. These two photographs I took are going in their auction to help raise funds. . The Point Loma Association. You can bid on them at their event. 

If your interested in my other photography or paintings see below

Art Gallery (Painting and Photos)

$70 Purchase Painting Pay Pal

$60 for photos (Rights to Use or Printing)

Art Gallery eBay (Paintings)

How Corruption and Hate Can Limit Human Development and Engagement

Corruption and hate are harmful to society because they weaken trust in institutions and undermine the idea that laws exist for the public good. Yet some individuals attempt to use technicalities, personal interests, or prejudice to bypass shared values, rights, and social responsibilities. When this occurs, it often affects the middle and working classes most, because they rely on institutions to act fairly and impartially. But let us learn when they initially don't....

The Allegory of the Clan is a hypothetical philosophical thought experiment that explores what happens when justice fails in the presence of hate, corruption, racial prejudice, religious bias, partisanship and the misuse of legal technicalities. It asks an important question: What are the long-term consequences when harmful actions go uncorrected? The answer is found in outcomes. In the story, individuals within the system work to protect one another and undermine victims and witnesses. Although such behavior may provide short-term advantages, over time patterns of bias, favoritism, and dehumanization become visible. Victim dumping and tainted investigations the tools of silencing freedom of speech and undermining freedom of religion.

(Notice when you switch the lens one uses to view a topic you uncover new ways to look at old problems.)

This example illustrates a broader principle: when societies repeatedly create “out-groups” based on race, religion, ideology, politics or other differences, people begin to internalize unequal treatment as normal. Over time, this can create second-class citizenship, where some individuals no longer believe that institutions will protect them equally. They become the "undesirables" of society more on an unofficial level than an anything anyone would admit. This could be one reason why things don't always get corrected. Its just a little more acceptable to place it here versus where it should belong. 

Courts and public institutions therefore have a responsibility to pursue justice rather than personal gain, political loyalty, or favoritism. Especially if those things are inherently unjust. The most fundamental principles of fairness, equality, and human dignity should guide decisions, while technical rules should support, not undermine, those larger purposes. When institutions fail to uphold these values, public trust erodes. Good peole preserve trust by doing the right and more honorable things even when there is no personal gain. 

In the learning story, decision-makers eventually recognize the consequences of hate and corruption and begin to correct their actions. This reflects an important lesson: societies can improve through reflection, accountability, and reform. While people sometimes change only after misconduct is exposed, learning and correction remain essential. Failure to correct while aware is a type of neglect of duty and oath. Taking a minute to think about what we are doing can change everything in an instant.

Ultimately, human behavior shapes institutions, communities, and opportunities. If societies wish to maximize human potential and strengthen social trust, hate and corruption cannot become accepted norms. When left unchecked, they risk becoming unwritten rules that undermine justice, equality, and the common good. or not? 

*The Allegory of the Cave is a hypothetical, philosophical, thought experiment for learning purposes so take with a grain of salt. Come to any conclusion you desire so long as you thoughout about it. 

Corruption as a Barrier to Human Development

1. The study examines the relationship between corruption and human development across 135 developed and developing countries from 2005 to 2021, using the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components: education, life expectancy, and gross national income.
2. The researchers find that higher levels of corruption are associated with lower levels of human development. Corruption appears to act as a constraint on HDI across both higher- and lower-income countries.
3. The effects differ depending on a country's income level. In lower-income countries, education appears particularly vulnerable to corruption, while in higher-income countries, corruption has a stronger effect on the income component of human development.
4. Corruption can weaken the effectiveness of public spending by diverting resources away from education, health care, social protection, and infrastructure. This can increase costs while reducing the quality and availability of public services.
5. The study also identifies democracy, economic freedom, investment, social public spending, globalization, and information and communication technologies as important factors influencing human development. The broader implication is that stronger political and economic institutions may help reduce corruption and improve human well-being.

Neme Castillo, O., Valderrama Santibáñez, A. L., & Flores Márquez, H. (2024). Effects of corruption on human development: Evidence for developed and developing countries. Acta Oeconomica, 74(4), 507–541. https://doi.org/10.1556/032.2024.00024

Fed Chair Delivers First Jackson Hole Keynote

The Federal Reserve chairman’s discussion of the state of the economy is particularly interesting. In his speech, he focused on the integration of artificial intelligence into the economy and the significant changes that AI could bring to productivity, employment, and economic decision-making. He also discussed reducing the Fed’s reliance on forward guidance, which would give policymakers greater flexibility to respond to changing economic conditions. At the same time, this approach could encourage financial markets to develop more independent expectations rather than simply reflecting the Fed’s projections.

Summary of Transcripts

• AI Economic Integration: The Fed is evaluating AI as a potential new factor of production, establishing a task force on productivity and jobs to study how massive capital investments in AI infrastructure influence economic growth, employment, and monetary policy.

• Reframing Forward Guidance: The speaker argues for limiting explicit forward guidance during normal economic times to preserve policy flexibility and avoid a "hall of mirrors" dynamic where central banks and financial markets simply reflect each other's expectations.

• Core Policy Principles: Operational framework relies on contemporaneous data trends over isolated metrics, a firm 2% PCE price stability target, short-term interest rates as the primary policy lever, and careful monitoring of total money creation.

• Broad Economic Strength: General economic performance remains robust with strong consumer spending and rising corporate capital expenditures—over half of which is driven by AI infrastructure—alongside a stable labor market holding at 4.1% unemployment.

• Priority on Inflation: With the 12-month PCE inflation rate standing at 3.7% and over half of its component basket increasing above 3%, bringing inflation back down to the 2% target remains the Federal Reserve's primary focus.

The Bohemian Beach Style for Men-"You got that ...."

 Thinking about wardrobe, I recently started updating some of my clothes. Things get old, especially when you’re more of an outdoor person and your clothing actually gets used. Eventually, it gets to the point where you have to admit, “Yeah, these pants have had a good life,” and into the trash they go. As you get older, though, you also realize you need less stuff and more of the things you actually like. I pretty much know how many pairs of pants I need, how many casual outfits I need, and what works for different situations. As things wear out, I replace them with something new. I occasionally pay attention to what’s in fashion, too. I’m not exactly Mr. Fashion, although I can be—and have been—at various points in my life. It really depends on whether I’m interested at the time. For the most part, though, I like practical clothing that fits my outdoor lifestyle. Even when I’m dressing up for an event, there’s usually going to be a little outdoorsy flavor to it. Maybe it’s a vest, maybe it’s a slightly looser pair of pants, but there’s usually some practical reason behind what I’m wearing. Fashion is nice, but if I can’t move in it, I’m probably not buying it.

(Illustrative Only)
Sort of like this.🙃

Recently, I was shopping at one of my favorite stores: Costco. Yes, Costco. They actually have some pretty good clothes, and you can pick up nice stuff at a reasonable price (I was looking for coffee and jeans.). Every once in a while, though, you have to venture outside your normal shopping territory and see what else is out there. Anyway, I was going through the checkout when one of the employees looked at me and said, “Wow, you really have that Johnny Depp thing going on.” Apparently, I had accidentally wandered into a fashion category without even knowing it. Apparently, the Johnny Depp look is a little relaxed, a little bohemian, a mix of old and new, non conformist, slightly messy but uniquely stylish. In other words, I looked like I had a plan, even though I really didn't.

What I was wearing wasn't particularly complicated: a blue button-up shirt, not buttoned all the way to the top, brown linen pants because it was hot, and sandals. The piece that really pulled everything together, though, was a leather necklace. I actually know how to make these. A friend made this one for me, and after learning how, I made a couple for other people. They liked them enough that they still wear them, so I guess I haven't completely embarrassed myself as a craftsperson. I like homemade things because crafting is an art skill that seems to have faded somewhat in the United States. Previous generations made a lot of these things themselves, and I enjoy keeping some of those skills alive. This particular necklace is pretty simple—some beads, a leather strap, and a casual design—but it adds a little something to an otherwise ordinary outfit. Apparently, it adds enough to make somebody think Johnny Depp.

My hair probably helped, too. It’s a little longer than normal right now. I’m used to keeping it short, partly because of firefighting, outdoor activities, and just my general lifestyle. But I made a bet with one of my AMVETS friends, who is also a veteran. Neither of us has really grown our hair long before, so we decided neither of us would cut it for a year. The loser has to buy the winner a mini pitcher of beer, which costs about three dollars in Michigan. So, obviously, this is now a matter of principle. I refuse to lose a three-dollar beer bet. If necessary, I may have to endure another bad hair day—or several hundred of them—to protect my investment.

Put it all together—the longer hair, leather necklace, linen pants, blue shirt, and sandals—and apparently the outfit worked. The funny thing is, I wasn't even trying. Sometimes you just accidentally put the right pieces together and end up looking like you know what you're doing. I actually like this combination because it works in a lot of situations. I can wear it during the day, go to the beach, go shopping, grab lunch, or wander around town, and it doesn't look out of place. It's comfortable, practical, and still has a little style.

I probably wouldn't wear it to a really high-end restaurant at night unless it was one of those upscale beach-casual places where looking slightly beach casual is apparently a feature rather than a problem. But for everyday life, it works pretty well. And the best part? I didn't even have to try to be fashionable. Apparently, sometimes you just put on your clothes, walk out the door, and accidentally become Johnny Depp.

(Ok...I'm taking the complement, they are rare, so appreciate when they come :)

Dress and the Psychology of First Impressions

• Clothing, hairstyles, makeup, and accessories play an important role in how people form first impressions, yet dress has historically received less attention in social psychology than facial and physical characteristics.
• The authors argue that dress should be incorporated into models of person perception because people naturally evaluate someone's appearance as a combination of their face, body, clothing, and surrounding context.
• Dress can provide clues about a person's social identity, including perceived occupation, cultural background, gender expression, group affiliation, interests, and other social categories.
• Clothing can also influence perceptions of a person's mental state, social status, wealth, power, and aesthetic preferences. These perceptions are shaped not only by the clothing itself but also by the observer's cultural knowledge, stereotypes, attitudes, and experiences.
• The authors conclude that future research needs to examine dress in more realistic and culturally diverse settings. Understanding how clothing influences perception could improve our understanding of first impressions, social interaction, workplace judgments, and other everyday decisions.

Hester, N., & Hehman, E. (2023). Dress is a fundamental component of person perception. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 27(4), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683231157961

Consumer Sentiment Weakens in August 2026 According to UofM Index of Consumer Sentiment

 Consumer sentiment took a notable step backward in August 2026, according to the University of Michigan’s Index of Consumer Sentiment. The index fell 6.3% from July and was more than 11% below its level in August 2025, suggesting that consumers are becoming increasingly cautious about the economy.

That decline could eventually affect consumer spending, which is an important driver of business sales and overall economic growth. When consumers begin to feel a financial pinch, they may reduce discretionary spending, creating additional pressure on businesses.

The latest numbers highlight the mixed nature of the economy. While some economic indicators continue to point toward stability and modest growth, it remains unclear where that growth is coming from and how sustainable it will be. At the same time, declining consumer confidence suggests that the average consumer—and potentially the average worker—may be feeling more economic pressure than broader economic measures indicate.

Consumer Sentiment Weakens Sharply in August 2026

• The University of Michigan’s Index of Consumer Sentiment fell to 51.7 in August 2026, down 6.3% from July and 11.2% below August 2025.
• The Current Economic Conditions Index declined 5.3% from July to 51.9, suggesting consumers became less positive about current economic conditions.
• The Index of Consumer Expectations dropped 7.0% to 51.5, indicating growing concerns about future economic conditions.
• Inflation remains a major concern. One-year inflation expectations decreased slightly from 4.2% to 4.0%, but remained considerably above the 3.4% level recorded before the Iran conflict. Long-run inflation expectations remained at 3.3%.
• Consumers are increasingly concerned about the broader economy, with expected business conditions declining significantly for both the one-year and five-year outlooks. Older, lower- and middle-income consumers, and those without stock holdings experienced particularly large declines in sentiment.

University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research. (2026, August 28). Surveys of consumers: Final results for August 2026. University of Michigan. https://www.sca.isr.umich.edu/

July 2026 Wider Trade Deficit and Rising Inventories-A Few Things to Avoid

 The trade deficit widened in July 2026, which is something we would like to avoid. Exports declined while imports increased, meaning Americans are purchasing more foreign-produced goods. Ideally, we want to produce more high-value products here in the United States and compete effectively in global markets.

Of course, that depends on the types of products we are trying to compete with. Many countries can produce certain goods at a lower cost. However, when we leverage technology, develop strong human capital, and build industry clusters (innovative environments), we might have greater opportunities to increase exports (In theory). It is not a one-to-one relationship, though. A lot of factors have to align to produce goods and services that are in demand in other countries.

Like most countries, we have areas where we perform well and areas where we need improvement. Ideally, we would like to see this trend reverse so that we are creating more value domestically and selling more products overseas. That is one reason it is important for companies to continue manufacturing in the United States rather than moving production overseas simply because it may provide a slightly higher short-term profit.

Developing domestic markets (small, medium and large businesses, and improving the overall economic environment can strengthen competitiveness and create a better context for long-term economic growth.

*This blog is about exploring concepts so opinions can be the same, counter, change, etc....its all ok. We are learning. 

Advance Economic Indicators: July 2026 Shows a Wider Trade Deficit and Rising Inventories

• The U.S. international trade deficit in goods increased to $118.8 billion in July 2026, up $17.4 billion from $101.4 billion in June.
• July exports declined by $6.0 billion to $199.4 billion, while imports increased by $11.4 billion to $318.2 billion.
• Wholesale inventories increased 1.3% in July to approximately $959.1 billion and were 5.7% higher than a year earlier.
• Retail inventories increased 0.7% in July to approximately $838.5 billion and were 3.8% higher than July 2025.
• Overall, the report provides an early look at trade and inventory conditions. Rising inventories may indicate that businesses are preparing for continued demand, although the larger trade deficit reflects stronger imports relative to exports.

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026, August 27). Advance economic indicators report: July 2026. U.S. Department of Commerce. https://www.census.gov/econ/indicators/current/index.html